冀西北寒旱区砂质栗钙土水分入渗和径流特征研究

针对冀西北高原寒旱区农业生产的水分限制特征,研究区域降水、入渗及径流特征。结果表明,冀西北寒旱区2°～6°常见坡耕地平均径流系数达6.16%,表明区域农田在通常年景下均有产流,构成滩梁地貌之间水土空间分异的基础。坡耕地产流为降水汇集与回归补充地下水资源奠定物质基础。这一结果对指导区域降水资源化生产具有重要意义。     

安徽省发展高能作物甜高粱的必要性与可行性分析

介绍了甜高粱的特点与主要用途,其能够在易旱、易涝、盐碱地、贫瘠地上种植,是用于生产燃料乙醇和畜牧业饲料的优质高能作物,安徽省是其最适种植区之一。为避免与粮争地,在安徽省充分开发＂四荒＂土地资源,结合两淮煤炭塌陷区、沿淮洼地以及江淮丘陵易旱区的综合治理,是甜高粱产业化发展首选的可行性区域。最后还简要介绍了甜高粱在安徽省大规模种植需进行的相关研究。     

基于“再造一个成都平原”战略目标的思考与建议

【目的】为我国高标准农田的建设和粮食生产能力的提高提供借鉴和参考。【方法】分析四川省耕地现状、存在的问题及＂再造一个成都平原＂的战略目标和任务,在此基础上提出＂再造一个成都平原＂的建议。【结果】四川省耕地主要存在人均耕地少、人增地减矛盾突出、中低产田（土）面积大、耕地质量差、耕地利用强度高、土壤侵蚀严重、施肥不合理、耕地土壤肥力下降、土壤污染严重、耕地后备资源匮乏等问题。【建议】做好土地规划设计工作、加强土地整理、提升土壤肥力、建立高效农作模式、开展耕地地力和土壤污染监测等,以加快四川省农业跨越式发展。     

浙江省发展农业技术创新战略联盟的需求诱因及对策

农业技术创新战略联盟能够有效整合农业产业技术创新资源,引导创新要素向企业集聚,是促进产业技术集成创新、有力提升产业核心竞争力的组织形式。文章以浙江为例,基于农业技术创新战略联盟发展的战略背景,通过分析发展农业技术创新战略联盟的需求诱因及其发展现状与存在的主要问题,提出浙江发展农业技术战略联盟的总体思路与促进农业技术战略联盟发展壮大的对策建议。     

基于Malmquist指数分析的浙江农业资源利用效率动态变化(1994—2010年)

采用1994—2010年浙江省东北6个地级市和西南5个地级市的农业资源面板数据,运用DEA分析法中的Malmquist指数,实证研究了浙江农业资源利用效率及其增长状况。结果表明：1994—2010年浙江农业资源全要素生产率平均增长5.08%,技术进步增长5.14%,技术效率增长-0.04%,技术进步成为推动浙江农业资源TFP增长的主要因素,但技术效率下降也产生了负面影响。由于技术进步和技术效率水平的不同,使得省内各区域的农业资源利用效率存在显著差异。总体上,浙江东北地区的农业资源利用效率高于浙江西南地区。     

基于FSVM的周宁县地质灾害易发性评价研究

在分析影响地质灾害活动因素的基础上,构建了地质灾害易发性评价指标体系,介绍了隶属函数的建立方法及模糊支持向量机(FSVM)模型的建立过程,最后运用该模型对周宁县地质灾害易发性程度进行评价,把周宁县地质灾害易发性程度划分为地质灾害高易发区、中易发区、低易发区和不易发区四个级别,结果表明该方法可行,具有较强的实用性。     

Improving in-season nitrogen recommendations for maize using an active sensor

An active crop canopy reflectance sensor could be used to increase N-use efficiency in maize (Zea mays L.), if temporal and spatial variability in soil N availability and plant demand are adequately accounted for with an in-season N application. Our objective was to evaluate the success of using an active canopy sensor for developing maize N recommendations. This study was conducted in 21 farmers’ fields from 2007 to 2009, representing the maize production regions of east central and southeastern Pennsylvania, USA. Four blocks at each site included seven sidedress N rates (0–280 kg N ha⁻¹) and one at-planting N rate of 280 kg N ha⁻¹. Canopy reflectance in the 590 nm and 880 nm wavelengths, soil samples, chlorophyll meter (SPAD) measurements and above-ground biomass were collected at the 6th–7th-leaf growth stage (V6–V7). Relative amber normalized difference vegetative index (ANDVI_relative) and relative SPAD (SPAD_relative) were determined based on the relative measurements from the zero sidedress treatment to the 280 kg N ha⁻¹ at-planting treatment. Observations from the current study were compared to relationships between economic optimum N rate (EONR) and ANDVI_relative, presidedress NO₃ test (PSNT), or SPAD_relative that were developed from a previous study. These comparisons were based on an absolute mean difference (AMD) between observed EONR and the previously determined predicted relationships. The AMD for the relationship between EONR and ANDVI_relative in the current study was 46 kg N ha⁻¹. Neither the PSNT (AMD = 66 kg N ha⁻¹) nor the SPAD_relative (AMD = 72 kg N ha⁻¹) provided as good an indicator of EONR. When using all the observations from the two studies for the relationships between EONR and the various measurements, ANDVI_relative (R² = 0.65) provided a better estimate of EONR than PSNT (R² = 0.49) or SPAD_relative (not significant). Crop reflectance captured similar information as the PSNT and SPAD_relative, as reflected in strong relationships (R² > 0.60) among these variables. Crop canopy reflectance using an active sensor (i.e. ANDVI_relative) provided as good or better an indicator of EONR than PSNT or SPAD_relative, and provides an opportunity to easily adjust in-season N applications spatially.     

The Rht13 dwarfing gene reduces peduncle length and plant height to increase grain number and yield of wheat

The green-revolution Rht-B1b and Rht-D1b dwarfing alleles are usually associated with increased wheat yields but are linked to reduced early growth and poor emergence if sowing conditions are unfavourable. Other dwarfing genes are available but not used in commercial breeding. The Rht13 bread wheat donor, Magnif M1, produces uniquely short peduncle and penultimate internodes to reduce plant height. A set of near-isogenic (NILs) and recombinant inbred (RILs) lines varying for height were developed from the cross of Magnif M1 and the Rht8c-containing Chuan-mai 18, and evaluated for a range of agronomic characteristics across favourable environments. Reductions in plant height were associated with increased grain number (r² = 0.35**) and harvest index (r² = 0.62**) in the NILs. Reduced-height RILs containing the Rht13-linked, Xgwm577_M microsatellite marker were significantly shorter, produced greater biomass, yield and harvest index, and increased spike and grain number than lines without the marker. Approximately 74 and 7% of the total phenotypic variance in plant height was accounted for by allelic differences in Xgwm577 and Rht8 loci, respectively. The peduncle and penultimate peduncle internodes of Rht13-containing lines were proportionately shorter than Rht8c-containing sibs and lines containing the Rht-B1b dwarfing allele. The unique height-reducing phenotype, increased grain number and yield associated with Rht13 indicate considerable potential for use of this dwarfing allele for improving wheat performance.     

巴东真香茗

巴东真香茗,中国历史名茶,始创于东汉,唐朝为贡品,宋朝为纳税物种。其生态条件优越,采摘标准严格,制造工艺精湛,品质风格独特。但自明末清初起,因种种原因而名存实亡。自20世纪80年代以来,巴东茶人艰苦奋斗,恢复历史名茶,成绩裴然。湖北巴东真香茗集团创建后,全力打造名茶品牌,使巴东真香茗以其崭新的面貌,享誉神州。     

基于改进灰色关联度法的河北省粮食波动影响因素研究

 【目的】定量分析河北粮食产量波动成因,为全省乃至国家粮食安全生产提供科学的理论和方法支撑。【方法】综合运用EMD和剩余法剥离河北省粮食产量及其各影响因素波动量,并采用一种灰色关联与两两比较判断矩阵有机融合的改进灰色关联方法定量分析河北省粮食产量波动影响因素的影响度。【结果】影响河北省粮食产量波动的各要素时序特征为：自然资源各指标波动振幅在-113.43—34.38;政策经济支持能力各指标振幅在-34.59—31.79,波动强度较大;固定资产投资累计各指标振幅在-17.17—10.52,波动强度较小;可变要素投入各指标波动振幅均在-11.39—9.16。粮食产量波动主控因素为：成灾面积、有效灌溉面积、粮食作物播种面积、支援农业生产及农业事业费用、降水量、化肥施用量等六指标,影响度分别为：19.08%、17.80%、12.84%、11.03%、10.28%、7.79%、7.28%,总影响度达78.82%。【结论】提出的改进灰色关联度方法弥补了传统灰色关联度方法只能定性排序的不足,能够客观真实地反映河北省粮食产量波动的主控因素,为定量化研究变量影响因素影响度提供了新方法。